Question ( Define the fundamental concepts of the relational database model )...
Answer : The relational model's central idea is to describe a database as a collection of predicates over a finite set of predicate variables, describing constraints on the possible values and combinations of values. The content of the database at any given time is a finite (logical) model of the database, i.e. a set of relations, one per predicate variable, such that all predicates are satisfied. A request for information from the database (a database query) is also a predicate. Other models are the hierarchical model and network model. Some systems using these older architectures are still in use today in data centers with high data volume needs, or where existing systems are so complex and abstract it would be cost-prohibitive to migrate to systems employing the relational model; also of note are newer object-oriented databases.
Question ( Evaluate the advantages of the relational database model)
Answer : From a business perspective, database information offers many advantages, including:
· Increased flexibility.
· Increased scalability and performance.
· Reduced information redundancy.
· Increased information integrity (quality).
· Increased information security.
INCREASED FLEXIBILITY
- The physical view of information deals with the physical storage of information on a storage device such as a hard disk.
- The logical view of information focuses on how users logically access information to meet their particular business needs.
INCREASED SCALABILITY AND PERFORMANCE
- Scalability refers to how well a system can adapt to increased demands.
- Performance measures how quickly a system performs a certain process or transaction.
REDUCED INFORMATION REDUNDANCY
- Redundancy is the duplication of information, or storing the same information in multiple places.
INCREASED INFORMATION INTEGRITY (QUALITY)
- Information integrity is a measure of the quality of information.
Within a database environment, integrity constraints are rules that help ensure the quality of information.There are two types of integrity constraints:
(1) relational integrity constraints and (2) business-critical integrity constraints.
Relational integrity constraints are rules that enforce basic and fundamental information-based constraints.
Business-critical integrity constraints enforce business rules vital to an organization’s success and often require more insight and knowledge than relational integrity constraints.
Question : (compare relational integrity constraints and business-critical integrity constraints)
Answer : Relational integrity constraints are rules that enforce the basic and fundamental information constraints. For example, this constraint wouldn’t allow an employee to enter an order or a customer that doesn’t exist in the system or order a negative amount of goods from a supplier. Business critical integrity constraints enforce rules geared towards the goals and success of the business. For example, a supplier might put a constraint on the amount of time that a product might be returned due to the fact that it will spoil after a certain amount of days. This kind of constraint mirrors the rules by which a company achieves success.
Question : (Describe benefit of a data driven website)
Answer : There are many benefit of a data driven website. It is
1. Better Fraud Detection
Criminals target businesses everyday around the world. As the volume and sophistication of these frauds have increased, businesses have had a difficult time keeping up and have lost revenue and resources due to these schemes. New big data technology can help companies to sift through the massive data available and uncover patterns and suspicious events that businesses couldn’t find before.
2. High-Value Marketing Campaigns
Big data has so many implications for marketing. With access to more data, marketers can more reliably predict effective marketing models and can test marketing campaigns before implementing them. With the increased availability of real-time data, marketers can also make better decisions when responding to crises and can evaluate and adapt marketing campaigns as the market evolves. Marketers will also be able to spot trends that were invisible before because there simply wasn’t enough data for the trend to show up. All of these advantages will allow businesses to always have high-value marketing campaigns that will be more effective and better targeted than their competitors.
3. Better Dialogue with Consumers
Today’s consumers are tough. They have access to multiple outlets to purchase the products they want, including thousands of outlets online. Consumers expect to find the best deals and best service all while talking about their buying experience on social media. Keeping up with all of these consumer demands would be next to impossible without big data. Data driven companies, however, can profile their customers in real time, so they can have a one on one conversation with them based on their current needs and desires.
4. Improve Products Faster
Data helps in this area in two ways. First, big data can help you assess what consumers think about your product and even break it down based on demographics and geographic regions. Second, as you consider making changes based on feedback, data can help you quickly assess how much making the change will cost in time, material costs and performance. This can help businesses speed up the improvement and development process and better ensure product quality.
5. Customized Website
Data driven businesses are better able to adapt their websites in real time based on a customer’s sex, nationality or previous interests. Amazon is famous for its website customization, and based on Amazon’s success, businesses who are able to customize will generate more traffic and revenue than those who don’t.
With so many advantages to better understand and reach out to consumers, Big Data is the next step for the business world. Not all companies will take advantage of it, but those who do and learn how to use it to their advantage, will have the insight they need to stay ahead of the competition.
Question ( describe the two primary )
Answer : An organization can choose from two integration methods which are forward and backward integration.....
Forward integration takes information entered into a given system and sends it automatically to all downstream systems and processes. Means the expansion of a business products or services to related areas in order to more directly to fulfill the customer's needs. An example, farmers sell his or her crops at the local market rather than to a distribution center...
Backward integration takes information entered into a given system and sends it automatically to all upstream systems and processes..
